模拟酸雨及A1^3＋共同作用对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆为材料，研究了模拟酸雨及酸雨与铝共同作用的细胞遗传学效应．结果表明，根尖细胞有丝分裂指数随Al^3＋浓度的升高和环境酸度的增强而下降；处理组细胞中出现了多种染色体异常，如染色体粘连、滞后及断裂等．模拟酸雨及其与低浓度Al^3＋（3mg／L）共同作用时可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核，其中pH4．5组微核率高于pH3．5组．模拟酸雨与高浓度的Al^3＋（10～180mg／L）复合处理可引起根尖细胞固缩，固缩率随Al^3＋浓度增加和pH降低而增高．研究结果表明，pH4．5和pH3．5的模拟酸雨和Al^3＋对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用，其效应与Al^3＋浓度和环境酸度有关．     

模拟酸雨及Al3+共同作用对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆为材料,研究了模拟酸雨及酸雨与铝共同作用的细胞遗传学效应.结果表明,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数随Al3 浓度的升高和环境酸度的增强而下降;处理组细胞中出现了多种染色体异常,如染色体粘连、滞后及断裂等.模拟酸雨及其与低浓度Al3 (3mg/L)共同作用时可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核,其中pH4.5组微核率高于pH3.5组.模拟酸雨与高浓度的Al3 (10～180mg/L)复合处理可引起根尖细胞固缩,固缩率随Al3 浓度增加和pH降低而增高.研究结果表明,pH4.5和pH3.5的模拟酸雨和Al3 对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用,其效应与Al3 浓度和环境酸度有关.     

氟化钠与强致突变物联合诱致的高等植物细胞微核效应

氟化钠在与强致突变物的联合实验中均发生较强的颉颃(减毒)作用,例如非常显著地抑制由平阳霉素(染色体断裂剂)或秋水仙素(有丝分裂毒素)诱致的微核效应(F＇相似文献   

蚕豆根细胞慧星试验对西河水诱变性检测

本文采用新建立的蚕豆根细胞慧星试验对南充市西河三个污染断面河水污染物的DNA损伤作用进行了监测。结果表明,所监测的三个点均存在较明显的诱变剂／致癌剂污染;新建立的蚕豆根细胞慧星试验的灵敏度足以直接检测水体环境致突变／致癌物的污染。     

Behavior of the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion in stored faba beans and its biological effects towards experimental animals

Sound whole-seed faba beans were treated with (methyl-¹⁴C) fenitrothion [O, O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate] at 5 and 10 mg insecticide/kg seeds, a dose normally used in practice. During the 30 weeks of storage period, the penetration and distribution of insecticide residues were studied. The amount of surface residues, internal residues and bound insecticide residues was estimated. Surface residues were found to decrease with the increase in time of storage, whereas internal residues showed a gradual increase with time apparently not dose dependent. Grain-bound residues increased with time and reached to its maximum (14–18%) after 24 weeks of storage. Chromatographic analysis of the internal extracts revealed the presence of the parent compound together with three main metabolites which were found in both free and conjugated form. Feeding mice for 90 days with a diet mixed with total internal fenitrothion residues in stored faba beans led to a reduction in body weight gain, and an appreciable decrease in cholinesterase activity of 32% for plasma and 15% for red blood cells (RBC_S) after two months of experiment. Also, a significant decrease was showed in both total protein and albumin concentration at the end of feeding period (90 days). Liver and kidney function, as well as lipid profile of treated mice significantly increased at the end of feeding period. After a one-month recovery period, all the examined blood parameters returned to about the control values except blood urea and serum triglyceride.     

亚硒酸盐对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤效应

采用蚕豆根尖微核实验和姊妹染色单体交换实验，研究亚硒酸盐的遗传损伤效应．结果表明：0．1～50．0μg／g的亚硒酸氢钠(NaHSeO3)处理12h可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞遗传损伤，导致根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降，间期具有微核的细胞数显著增多，姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)频率明显增高；且根尖微核细胞率与处理浓度间具有正相关，分裂指数与处理浓度间呈负线性相关，分裂指数与微核率之间表现负相关．研究结果提示：硒能破坏生物的遗传稳定性，职业接触或饮食补硒时应避免其毒害作用．图1表4参17     

蚕豆根尖微核技术监测农药污染的研究

环境污染会引起染色体畸变而形成微核.本实验表明农药甲胺膦对蚕豆根尖有明显的微核效应,在一定范围内微核率与实验用农药甲胺膦浓度成正比.当甲胺膦达到一定浓度时即成为诱变污染物,对遗传物质表现出明显的损伤作用.浓度越高,损伤越严重.     

重金属对蚕豆(vicia faba)根尖的核酸含量及核酸酶活性影响的研究

Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)在低浓度作用下,随处理浓度的升高,刺激蚕豆(Vicia faba)DNA含量(处理浓度分别低于10.0、0.50、50.0ppm)和RNA含量(处理浓度分别低于10.0、50.0、50.0ppm),DNase活性(处理浓度均低于10.0ppm)和RNase活性(处理浓度分别低于20.0、10.0、50.0ppm)相应地升高;当处理浓度超过相应浓度时,DNA和RNA含量以及DNase与RNase活性随浓度升高而降低。Hg~(2+)在小于0.05ppm时使RNase活性升高,高于该浓度使其降低,其它各指标无上述规律性变化。重金属对核酸代谢的影响结果取决于植物组织的适应性反应与金属离子的毒性反应的强度。文章还讨论了金属离子特征和可能存在的不同代谢活动的抗性诱导体系对植物毒性的影响,以及蛋白质的代谢活动对植物适应性水平的影响。     

大庆地区几种工业废水生物遗传毒性水平的测试与评价

文章报道了利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术测试石油开采、石油化工等几种工业废水的遗传毒性水平。经统计学分析,各排放口的废水均有不同程度的遗传毒性效应。并利用污染指数进行生物毒性等级的划分,从生物毒理学角度为行业污染源管理、控制污染物排放提供科学依据。     

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of urban surface waters using freshwater luminescent bacteria Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 and Vicia faba root tip

The freshwater luminescent bacteria Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 test and the Vicia faba root tip test associated with solid-phase extraction were applied for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of organic substances in three rivers, two lakes and effluent flows from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Xi'an, China. Although the most seriously polluted river with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) showed high cytotoxicity (expressed as TII₅₀, the toxicity impact index) and genotoxicity (expressed as RMCN, the relative frequency of micronucleus), no correlative relation was found between the ecotoxicity and organic content of the water samples. However, there was a linear correlative relation between TII₅₀ and RMCN for most water samples except that from the Zaohe River, which receives discharge from WWTP and untreated industrial wastewaters. The ecotoxicity of the organic toxicants in the Chanhe River and Zaohe River indicated that cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were related to the pollutant source. The TII₅₀ and RMCN were also found to correlate roughly to the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water. Sufficient dissolved oxygen in surface water is thus proved to be an indicator of a healthy water environmental condition.